X Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2018

Tales of Jakob and William Grimm are known all over the world. From childhood, they are among the favorite books of almost every child. But the brothers Grimm were not just storytellers, they're great linguists and researchers of culture of their country of Germany. The ancestors of the Grimms were very educated people. Great-grandfather named Frederick, born in 1672, was a theologian-a Calvinist. His son, Frederick Jr. inherited the father and, therefore, was the priest of the Calvinist community.

The father of the famous brothers, was born in 1751. Philip Wilhelm, was a lawyer, graduated from the University of Marburg. Before his early death, at 44, held the position of the judge and the notary.

Philip and his wife Dorothea had five children, all sons: the elder - Jacob Grimm, born in 1785, then William, born a year after you were born, Carl and Ferdinand, and the youngest was Ludwig, who became a successful artist and Illustrator of fairy-tales older brothers. Despite the fact that the age difference between the brothers was small (a maximum of five years between the oldest and youngest) are really close to each other was only Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm biography which proves it. Jacob, like all his brothers, was born in the town of Hanau, where he spent his childhood. Since their father had passed away before the family had raised the question of further existence. Came to the aid of a childless aunt of brothers - Julian Charlotte. However, it is from birth, Jacob was in the house of Grimm. And all because of the fact that in 1785 he became a widower. Julianna was very attached to older children and almost all their attention and care was given to them. The brothers paid her the same love, affectionately calling her cute aunt Schlemmer. Jacob Grimm later recalled that he was bound to her aunt, much more than parents. It Yulianna Charlotte opened the world of knowledge by teaching reading and writing. With it they are plunged into the world of German fairy tales and Bible stories. At the request of one of the brothers, explanations aunt about religion, he understood better than lectures on theology. In 1791 the family moved to Steinau. The children went to the local school. In 1796, in their house trouble came: died on January 10 Philip. His widow, sister and children had to move to Kassel where Jacob and Wilhelm graduated in the end, the oldest in the land for the school.The brothers entered the University of Marburg, wanting to follow in his father's footsteps and become lawyers. But they were filled with a passion for language and literature.

For some time the brothers took service after graduation. Jacob worked for Jerome Bonaparte librarian. In 1816 he began to work at the library of Kassel, turning down the professorship at Bonn. There, in Kassel, Secretary William worked. Like his younger brother, Jacob Grimm was fond of the German folk and folklore. That's probably why they were in the circle of "the Heidelberg romantics" who believed its mission the revival of interest in the culture of Germany.

Starting in 1807, he traveled the country (Hesse, Westphalia), collecting different legend, local folklore. A little later he was joined by brother William.

In the book, published in 1812, there are indications to the source. Some of the tales are marked more specifically, for example, "Mrs. Blizzard" told the brothers of the future wife of William Dorothea wild when they came to Kassel. Other sources identified by name location, for example, "from Zverina", "Hanau".

Sometimes the Grimms had to exchange the old history on your valuables. So, tales of Johann Krause, an old Sergeant they had to change one of the dresses.

The teacher of the gymnasium in Kassel told the brothers one of the options on the "snow white", a kind woman, Maria, exclusively speaking in French, told the Grimms about the Boy Tom thumb, little red riding Hood, Sleeping beauty. Perhaps because her family respected French culture, the stories were similar to fairy tales of Charles Perrault. Jakob Grimm, of fairy tale which is loved by all the children in the world, together with his brother he produced seven editions with a 210 main works. The first edition was criticized , and the brothers had a good work on them and to bring to perfection. For example, were removed a scene of a sexual nature from a fairy tale "Rapunzel" where the girl secretly meets with Prince.

Huge impact on other folklorists had the brothers Grimm (Jacob and Wilhelm). "Rapunzel," "Cinderella," "Snow white", "the Bremen town musicians," "the Magic pot", "little Red riding Hood," and hundreds of other fairy tales forever entered the Golden Fund of children's literature. Each of the brothers worked on personal research, but their views and the direction of the thoughts were the same. Gradually moving away from folklore, they turned their attention to the linguistic classes.

The Grimms were the founders of scientific German. Jacob spent lots of time on the phonetic processes of the Teutonic language, in the end, based on the research of Rasmus Rask, was able to formulate one of the phonetic processes, received in the end, the title "Grimm's law".It is talking about the so-called "movement of consonants". Today is one of the best known phonetic laws. It was formulated in 1822.

Prior to this event Jacob Grimm studied the science of language. The result was the "German grammar" in four volumes (1819-1837).

The value of the linguistic works of Grimm is huge. Thanks to him, was able to conclusively prove the identity of the Germanic languages to a common Indo-European group. Along with linguistic research scientist worked on a collection of mythological beliefs of the ancient Germans. In 1835 he published an academic treatise, the author of which was Jacob Grimm. "German mythology" was a kind of analogy of the book "Myths of Ancient Greece", there has been shown the relationship of Scandinavian and German mythology. Work on the dictionary of the brothers began in 1830. He eventually became the largest in the history of the German language. Wilhelm died in 1859, from paralysis of the lungs. Jacob's brother lived for four years. During this time he lectured at the Berlin Academy of Sciences and tirelessly worked on the "German dictionary". In fact, death overtook him just at his Desk, where he described the word Frucht for another partition.

Jacob died of a heart attack on 20 September 1863. All life, creativity and philological activity of the brothers Grimm has had an enormous impact not only on people in Germany, but also on the peoples of the world. They made a huge contribution to the development of linguistic science, has created hundreds of immortal children's books, showed by example what love for the Motherland and family.

Actually the idea of creating an etymological dictionary came not from brothers, but long before the beginning of their professional activity. But it is they who in 1838 the publishers of Leipzig offered to prepare it.

The Grimms used the comparative-historical method when writing a dictionary, in order to show the evolution of the language, its genetic relationships with the media.

The brothers managed to finish only a few sections (A, B, C, D, E), to bring the work to the end prevented their demise.

But the dictionary was written by colleagues at the Berlin Academy of Sciences and Gettimestamp University.

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