IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Vatican small country with an area of ​​0.44 km2, situated naVatikanskom hill in the north-western part of Rome. On all sides surrounded by Italian territory, border length is 3.2 km. In 1929, the Lutheran was concluded an agreement with Italy, which defined the political status of the Vatican. According to him, the church states, headed by the Pope is in the territory of the Italian capital under the name of State - Vatican City. Status of the Vatican - the sovereign territory of the Holy See, the seat of the highest spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.

In the world there is no country that could, compared with the spiritual power of the Vatican. Lady of this country is religion. Vatican - the spiritual center of Catholicism, under its control function and develop: education, radio, print, television, secular organizations. Even the art of bow to religion, obeyed her.

What is the role of religion in the politics of the Vatican? Policy is impregnated and is based on religion. Religion like the old, wise tree, take root in all spheres of human life, and feeds them with its force. The Vatican and all of its population of about 800 people served and continues to serve the Holy See as an instrument of policy ideas in global stability and justice. The form of government is an absolute theocratic monarchy, based on canon law. In 2001 there was a change in the Vatican, the government divided into three branches: executive, legislative, sudebnuyu¹.

Pope appears at the head of all the branches, but may delegate part. The main support for the institution of the Pope is the Secretariat of State. The composition of the administration of the Catholic Church and the Vatican are: the Secretariat of State, 11 pontifical councils, congregations 9, 5 commissions, 3 Tribunal, the Synod of Bishops, Apostolic Library and other departments. Congregation - a union which is a member of the Roman Curia (the main administrative body of the Holy See), which is the central management body of the Vatican and the Roman - Catholic Church. As for the judiciary, all decisions are made under the name of the Pope. All judges at the Vatican Pope appoints. Pardon, commutation of punishment as well belong to the Pontiff. We can notice here, it is not limited authority.

Thus, the Pope received the right to decide any question that relates to both the spiritual and secular authorities, and also can transfer its powers to any person. This concept is called ideological - Popery. The beginnings of this concept was a long time in the Middle Ages. While the main role in the society, the state played a church. In Western Europe it became the main Christian faith and the Roman Catholic Church. The church acquired, not only spiritual but also temporal power, was the need to be protected and especially the military.

1.The political system of society Vatican - http://refleader.ru/rnaqasyfsjge.html (visit date 20/09/2016)

Creating a knightly orders, the soldiers who implicitly obey the Church and protect her. So in the Middle Ages there is a new system - "caesaropapism indicating closer unity between secular and political, spiritual and ideological power".¹ To attract more adherents to the Church and to control the socio - spiritual life of society helps to "Catholic Action".

It is directly subordinate to the Pope. "Catholic Action - an association of grassroots organizations - professional, class, cultural, scientific, sports, etc. - Established on the grounds of the church and led by the church hierarchy".² These organizations take care of the spiritual and religious education of their members, and their goal is the extension and defense of Christian principles. Church, above all, seeks to protect and strengthen itself as a political organization.

The Vatican is truly a most unusual state, it has a unique form of government - absolute theocratic monarchy. The religious figure Pope, who is also vicar of God has full political power. The head of the College of Cardinals elected for life at a closed meeting - the conclave.

The entire territory of the Vatican is a collection of historic buildings, sculptures, museums, religious monuments. St. Peter is considered the heart of the Vatican, which is the largest cathedral in the world. From the roof of the cathedral looking down the statue of Jesus Christ, John the Baptist and 11 Apostles. Interestingly, at the fifth anniversary of the cathedral has a door that opens every 25 years, and a break for a quarter century nagluhozamurovyvaetsya. Prekrasnayasekretnaya Vatican Library, which is legendary, it is believed that it stores the most ancient manuscripts, books, manuscripts, scrolls of many nations, as well as a substantial part of the Library of Alexandria.

1. Sokolov VV Medieval philosophy. M .: Higher School, 1979. -S.100.

2. Lavretsky. I. Vatican. Religion, finance and politics. M .: Political Literature, 1957. - S. 202

Library use is allowed only to the elite scholars, the Pope also has unrestricted rights to visit. The Vatican is a complex of gardens, palaces and museums - that fascinate their views, they attract and make the plunge into the unique spiritual atmosphere. All steeped in the Vatican sacred mystery, even the air is unusually pure and fills the soul with unusual ease, which makes take off to see the top all the beauty of this small state by area but large in spirit and strength.

References:

1. V.V. Sokolov Medieval philosophy. M .: Higher School, 1979. -S.448.

2. Lavretsky. I.R. Vatican. Religion, finance and politics. M .: Political Literature, 1957. - S.330

3. Political system of society Vatican - http://refleader.ru/rnaqasyfsjge.html (visit date 20/09/2016)

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