IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a dishormonal disease which leads to the fact that the woman does not ovulate, i.e. the egg is not released from the ovary, and therefore it leads to infertility.

The exact causes of polycystic ovary syndrome have not been established. Predisposing factors include:

trauma, stress and infections in childhood;

genetic predisposition;

presence of relatives with hypertension or diabetes;

chronic infectious diseases;

pathology of pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid gland;

adrenal hyperplasia;

a huge amount of abortions;

obesity.

The symptoms of polycystic ovary are due to the increase the formation of multiple cysts in ovarian.

Rare scant or heavy flow menstruation (up to cyclic, ie during the period of menstruation, uterine bleeding) or their complete absence (amenorrhea) due to anovulation and prolonged chronic exposure to estrogens on the endometrium. Usually the menstrual cycle lasts more than 35 days and during the year 6-8 cycles.

Primary infertility is the most characteristic feature of the disease, due to the extremely rare ovulation or their complete absence and is one of the most common causes of female infertility.

Increased body weight, obesity, occurs in about half of women with polycystic ovaries, mediated by insulin resistance and impaired tolerance (tolerance) to glucose and this state is referred to as prediabetes.

Appearance of hypertrichosis, acne, baldness, seborrhea is due to the action of male sex hormones , so called androgens. Acne may remain after adolescence period. Increased pigmentation in skin folds in axillary, inguinal areas, under the breasts and on the back of the neck are explained by insulin resistance and high level cholesterol in blood.

Patients with polycystic ovary first menstruation comes at the age of 12-13 years, but there is no right menstrual cycle cause of oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, which testifies to anovulation. In the period of puberty hypertrichosis already appears. In this diseace an infertility is always primary adn obesity, if expressed, is universal for adipose tissue is distributed evenly. The classical form of polycystic ovaries is considered to include following symptoms such as a bilateral enlargement of the ovaries, amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, obesity. With age, the symptoms can vary, for example, reducing the number of acne, and increasing hirsutism with obesity.

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