IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

uality management: concept, functions and methods

Under the control in the broad sense refers to the overall function of organizational systems, ensuring the preservation of their structure, maintenance of the activity, the implementation of the program, the achievement of goals.

Under the control of product, quality refers to the activities carried out at its creation, use, and consumption in order to create, achieve and maintain a specified level of product quality.

Quality control mechanism is a set of interrelated objects and subjects of management, use of the principles, methods and management functions at various stages of product life cycle management and quality levels.

Objects control product quality - a quality performance of products, factors and conditions that determine their level, as well as the processes of formation of product quality.

Subjects of product quality control - it controls and individuals implementing control functions in accordance with established principles and methods.

For quality control, functions of production at the enterprise include:

o forecasting and planning of product quality;

o evaluation and analysis of the quality of products;

o quality control;

o promotion of quality products and the responsibility for it.

Under the quality management, methods understood as a set of techniques and rules of the impact on the control facilities to achieve the required quality.

There are the following methods of quality management:

1) Organizational (administrative):

a) Regulatory (directives, orders, etc.)

b) Regulatory (rules, standards, regulations)

c) Disciplinary (responsibility and promotion);

2) socio-psychological:

a) Social (education and motivation)

b) Psychological (creating a psychological climate in the team, the psychological impact of positive examples);

3) Technical and technological:

a) Technical methods for quality control,

b) Methods of process control the quality of products and processes;

4) Economic:

a) Methods of economic incentives and material incentives,

b) Pricing based on quality,

с) in financing activities in the field of quality.

Quality management

The "Great Dictionary of Economics" quality is determined by a measure of conformity of the goods, works, services, conditions and requirements of standards, agreements, contracts, consumer demand. There are quality products, work, labor, materials, goods and services. "

Quality of the goods (services) is characterized as a set of properties that ensure their suitability to meet the relevant production, public and individual needs. Quality of the goods or services in a modern market economy is becoming an important factor in the competitiveness and commercial success of enterprises.

In accordance with the ISO 9000 standard for quality - a combination of characteristics of the object relating to its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs. This definition applies to both goods and services, and processes for their production. Quality characterizes the conformity of the goods (services) consumer requirements. Attributes describing their suitability to fulfill certain requirements, called their attributes (characteristics) quality.

Quality management is closely related to several other disciplines of management, such as manufacturing, corporate management, project management, investment and so on. n.

International standards on quality (including the latest developments of the ISO 9000: 2000) essentially repeat and develop the basic principles of the best domestic quality management systems (Saratov, Lviv and others.)

1. Concern about the quality of products extends to all parts of the organizational structure.

2. Product quality, production is ensured at all stages of their life cycle (development, design, production, sales, after-sales service).

3. Quality is oriented to meet the requirements of consumers, rather than producers.

4. Improving the quality of products, goods or services it requires the application of modern techniques, technology and management.

5. A comprehensive quality improvement (TQM) is achieved only interested in the participation of the entire staff of the organization.

Quality means that any products (goods) must comply with the regulatory requirements, standards. However, this is not the end result. According to modern concepts of the true quality of quality management theory it includes not only the production of products (goods) in the established standards, but also goods distribution process, customer service, as well as compliance with the standards required by a market economy.

Therefore, quality is ensured at the stage of studying the needs of the market in a particular product and its development, pre-production, production of goods, their packaging and storage, sale and bring the goods to the consumer, after-sales service and use of the product by the consumer, as well as the disposal of the goods at the end of his term service.

The quality of goods or services - it is important that considers and accepts the modern market. If the firm clients are not satisfied with its products and services, they will certainly be looking for other manufacturers or sellers of similar goods, or services that can better meet their needs.

There is a "quality loop", which is the stage of the product life cycle, contributing to quality. At each stage should be done corresponding to the quality assessment.

Quality management in essence is an integral part of total quality management as a co-ordinated activities to direct and control the enterprise (organization) related to quality.

The quality program - a document describing the elements of the quality management system and the resources that will be used in a particular organization. The quality manual is a basic document describing the organization's quality management system, in which the fixed enterprise quality policy. The structure of this manual usually includes general provisions, enterprise characteristics (organization), the elements of the quality system, policies in this area, applications.

Quality requirements - these are requirements to the characteristics intrinsic to the product, service, process or system. Quality is characteristic of such, establishes requirements and inherent in a given product, service or process. Quality function is a way of translating consumer requirements in the above characteristics.

On quality management processes influenced by many factors. Among them there are both external (the state of the environment, the sharpness of competition, quality of raw materials, customer requirements, and so on. P.) And the factors of the internal environment of enterprises engaged in the production of goods and services.

All internal factors are divided into three groups:

1) technical and technological (the state of the art technological equipment, production technology, etc.).;

2) organizational and economic (efficiency to enterprise quality management system, the possibility of the quality costs, upgrade equipment and application of new technology, raw material quality, etc.)..;

3) social (level of participation of the various interested groups of staff in improving the quality of goods and services, skill level, create social conditions for achieving quality indicators).

The corporate culture of the enterprise, using a total quality management (Total Quality Management - TQM), suggests that short-term economic benefits resulting from savings on quality in the future will inevitably lead to huge losses of the enterprise due to the loss of part of the loss of customers and market positions. Human resource management in the conditions of TQM should be seen as a multi-level management activities at the plant with an effective solution to problems of quality.

In a developed market economy, current quality problems can be solved based on the following basic principles:

1) the quality of consideration as one of the major competitive advantages of the enterprise;

2) unconditional satisfaction of consumers;

3) a consistent increase in terms of sales warranty service.

It should be borne in mind that the products produced technologically more difficult, the more difficult for an enterprise-producer guarantee quality. Nevertheless, the increase in the warranty period for consumers is proof of the high quality of products offered and, consequently, one of the most important competitive advantage of the enterprise-producer.

When considering the nature of the principles of systematic and integrated quality assessment allocate 15 basic conditions for the application of these principles. These conditions after appropriate adaptation can be formulated as specific quality management principles:

1) the formation of administrative decisions based on production and economic, social and market factors;

2) the balance of goals and resources, the search for ways of their rational use;

3) completeness of the account resource requirements;

4) Taking into account the interaction of sectoral and regional factors;

5) Taking into account the linkages and interactions between the different levels of economic management;

6) consideration of the unity of natural-material and value measurement of volumes of production, consumption and costs;

7) Taking into account the relationship of short-term problems with the long-term development strategy;

8) Taking into account the impact of management decisions on the social and environmental impact;

9) analysis of the motives of activity and interests of different social groups;

10) Taking into account the external economic aspects of the issues;

11) The use of quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis and assessments;

12) the combination of objective and subjective assessments with the exception of the subjectivist approach to problem solving;

13) a combination of ratings: internal (by the artist) and external (from the supervisory bodies);

14) the combination of continuity and phasing of the quality of evaluations;

15) the development of quality management systems.

The main provisions and requirements laid down in the visitors' quality management, were the essential scientific and practical contribution to improving the methodology of modern management. Most of these provisions and requirements and now can not be overestimated, given the current trend of competitive products, goods and services.

Total Quality Management - not a theoretical discipline, it is a specific technology management of all processes to improve the quality

For total quality management in enterprises need guidance not only production, but also marketing, information, logistics, organizational, economic, employment, innovation and other processes, ie. E. The use of system-integrated approach.

The company "ОКБ ЭМИ" is engaged in the development of electrical, mechanical and electronic products, provides consulting services in the implementation of innovative projects. The company is also engaged in the production of power supplies for power electronics and LED lighting, design and manufacture of enclosures for radio equipment, developing proprietary software for industrial automation and electronics.

1. The controllers for industrial automation - this product is designed for organizations, namely electronic components is collected in Eden as a whole or in a different way in the controller. Analogs, which are offered on the market are fulfilling their function and sometimes what prompted not meet the requirements, which come in "EDO EMR", to develop their own controllers.

2. Power supplies for lamps - was initially as a separate item, but over time the development of the LED module, directly stipulate how would like to see the power supply for the light

3. Printed circuit board - the opportunity to purchase stalemates or go to the service of printed circuit boards, where it will be possible to order the fee at its own discretion

4. Electronic components - The site has a different set of electronic components, to make a unique sections:

• Integrated circuits - the product that performs a specific function and Treating conversion signal having a large saturation of the package electrically combined components which have all chances to be treated the same as a single, performed in the general scientific and technological progress and concluded in geometrized block body;

• Power supplies - products performing a specific function transformation and Treating signal and having a large saturation of the package is electrically connected parts, which have all, without exception, the possibility be considered just as a general, made in a single trained for an industrial process and are enclosed in a sealed source-block body;

• Optoelectronics - electronics area, covering problems of application of optical and electrical processing technology, preservation and transmission of data;

• Wireless technology - a subclass of informative technologies, work to transfer the data in the distance among two or more points without the need for wires;

• sensor - measuring method, specialized to form measurement information signal in a form suitable for transmission, the upcoming conversion processing and storage, but not amenable to direct perception of the human;

• Passive components: resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, switching elements.

5. Housing for CEA - are commercially available enclosures for radio electronic equipment.

6. Cases for luminaires - There are several types of lamps, in addition to their own body even bought separately taken under greenhouse

The company provides the following services:

1. Assembling the CEA - In addition to the purchase of the development line, you can also receive service for its assembly

2. Development / design of printed circuit boards - placing an order for a printed circuit board, first developing the design documentation, and then to assemble the LEDs

3. Development / design REA - describe how the customer sees your radio electronic device, employees are taken for the development of design documentation, and then design

4. Software Development - Clients seek to programmers " ОКБ ЭМИ ", created a program meets all the requirements of the buyer

5. Services for assembly / mounting of printed circuit boards - placing an order for a printed circuit board, first developing the design documentation, and then to assemble the LEDs

6. Technical support services of their products / goods - the company always gives a guarantee on their products and services, and always provide assistance in case of breakage or identification of any defects

7. Development of a CD - a lot of companies have their own ideas and thoughts, but having no design knowledge. The organization proposes to solve this problem, the possibility to develop themselves design documentation for each project, then you can give it directly into production.

8. Development of electronics housings - create a corps of radio electronic instruments, most of the work carried out for each customer individually.

The company "ОКБ ЭМИ", uses the following concept for quality management:

1. Process Management

• Statistical control

• Solving technical problems

• Process Improvement

• An analysis of the nature and consequences of failures

2. Personnel Management

• General education quality

• The organization of the working groups

• Methods and means of motivation

• Training

3. Resource Management

• Performance monitoring indicators

• Cost parameters

• Preservation of resources

• Improving the environment

• Work on the "just in time" system

• Minimizing the loss of resources.

References

1. Конституция РФ;

2. Гражданский кодекс РФ;

3. ISO 9000;

4. Кодекс РФ «Об административных правонарушениях»;

5. Федеральный Закон «О защите прав потребителей»;

6. Федеральный Закон «О техническом регулировании»;

7. Федеральный Закон «Об обеспечении единства измерений»;

8. Конституция Российской Федерации. — М.: Эксмо, 2013. — 80 с.;

9. Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации. — М.: Эксмо, 2013. — 736 с.

10. Федеральный закон «О защите прав потребителей» (от 07.02.1992 № 2000–1-ФЗ) // Консультант Плюс, 2012

11. Федеральный закон «О техническом регулировании»» (в ред. Федеральных законов от 27.12.2002) // Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации, 2002.

12. Федеральный закон «Об обеспечении единства измерений» (от 26.06.2008 № 102-ФЗ) // Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации, 2008

13. ГОСТ 15467-79. Управление качеством продукции.

14. Всеобщее управление качеством: учебник / Майборода В.П., Азаров В.Н., Панычев А.Ю., Усманов Ю.А. : Изд-во УМЦ ЖДТ (Маршрут) • 2013 год

15. Развитие систем менеджмента качества: учебное пособие / Козырев В.А., Лисенков А.Н., Палкин С.В.; под ред. В.А. Козырева : Изд-во УМЦ ЖДТ (Маршрут) • 2014 год

16. Управление качеством: Учебник / Михеева Е.Н., Сероштан М.В. : Дашков и К • 2009 год

17. Метрология, стандартизация, сертификация в АСУ: учебное пособие для вузов / Баранникова И. В., Ландер А. В. : Горная книга • 2011 год

18. http://www.okbemi.ru/

19. http://spmipk.info/

20. https://www.u-b-s.ru/

21. http://www.dist-cons.ru/

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