VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016

Abstract: the given article considers the problem of creating the arboretum in the town of Dzerzhinsk. Also it highlights the main reasons for its necessity in the town and describes the tree species growing in the area. It is especially noted that poor environmental situation is one of the reasons of the deforestation.

Keyword: arboretum, environmental pollution, types of herbaceous plants, herbaceous vegetation, protection of the nature, recreation potential.

«Forests have great importance for the Earth life. Using light energy, absorbed by the chlorophyll from the plants, i.e. by photosynthesis process the organic nutrients are formed. They are necessary for the plants and all living organisms.This is one of the basic biological processes which takes place in the world» [1]. But the most important thing for the human`s life is that the forest improves the climatic conditions and purifies the air. That is why its presence in the cities with bad ecology is so important.

To begin with, the word "arboretum" comes from the Greek word «dendron», which means «tree». The Arboretum is an area which has a diverse collection of woody crops grown in the open soil. Also it is called «arboretum», as this site is serves for the public rest. Here anyone has an opportunity to spend some time to relax, for example, take a walk with their children, enjoy the beauty of the environment or explore the new plant species. In the book "The Last Joy", famous scientist Knut Hamsun wrote: "What a joy again to stay alone,to go deep into your thoughts and enjoy the silence of the forests! »[2].

Many cities in Russia have arboretum, such as Moscow, Sochi, St. Petersburg, Barnaul, etc. However, such areas are not only in the big cities, also arboretum is located in the small town of Dzerzhinsk in the Nizhny Novgorod region.The arboretum is in the south-western part of Dzerzhinsk and on the left bank of the Oka river. «Dendrary» or as it is called «arboretum» adjoins to the village of Babushkino and Pushkino.

The authors are primarily interested in studying the creation of the arboretum, because in 1929 the village of Rastyapino was renamed to the town of Dzerzhinsk. There are many factories and dozens of refuse dumps which are used as a waste storage of the chemical companies. It was the reason why the woods began to back off. This fact was regarded by the experts as the unavoidable occurrence, and they decided that the woods weren't the subject of restoration. However, thanks to the efforts of the outstanding Russian silviculturist I. N. Ilayshevich the forests were regenerated.

The main feature of this beautiful place is that the area has lots of various species of herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. All the plants are in a satisfactory condition which appeals many citizens of Dzerzhinsk. Approximately 250 species and forms of plants grew in the arboretum. There are brightly-colored hybrids of poplars, 16 species of hawthorn and 11 species of ornamental maples in the arboretum. Walking in the arboretum the visitors always notice a mighty pine. There are 5 species of it, and 4 are exotic: weymouth pine (lat. Pinus strobus), rumelian (lat. Pinus peuce), strobus (lat. Pinus banksiana Lamb) and siberian (lat. Sibirica Pínus).The unusual birch (lat. Karelian or stone) gives attraction to the arboretum. Except trees and shrubs there are different kinds of herbaceous vegetation in the arboretum such as: white clover (lat. Trifolium repens) or cocksfoot (lat. Dactylis glomerata), veronica officinalis (lat. Veronica officinalis), mariannick (lat. Melampyrum), plantain (lat. Plantago major) and many others.

It is necessary to note that there is regular control and care about all the greenery in the dendrary. The silviculturists have been doing their best in order to preserve all the plants and tree species in a good condition as long as possible. It is a well known fact that all plants are of significant importance because they serve as food for the birds and animals andproduce oxygen.

Needles to say that the ecological condition of the arboretum is satisfactory, however, there are some negative aspects which make the condition of the park worse. Firstly, there are purification plants nearly the arboretum, which pollute the water and soil and damage the arboretum`s vegetation. Secondly, the arboretum’s area is polluted because it is located near the suburban areas of Pushkino and Babushkino. But despite this fact, the silviculturists are regularly held various activities to improve the ecological status of the arboretum. They clean the territory from the garbage and industrial waste, fertilize the plants, plant the seedling trees in order to expand the territory of the arboretum. Summarizing, we note that the establishment of the arboretum, on the initiative of the outstanding scientist I.N. Ilayshevich has improved the ecological condition in Dzerzhinsk area.

Bibliography

1. Spiridonov I. A. «the World economy», tutorial. Infra-M .1998

2. Knut Hamsun "the last joy" Oslo. Hey Di Ltd.1994

3. S. M. Shalnov "Dzerzhinsk is our house". N. Novgorod: Publishing house «LITERA», 1999.

4. Starchikov S. http://tropoved.ru/dendropark.htm.2010.

5. R. N. Gorneva" The city of Dzerzhinsk". Nizhny Novgorod. Volgo-vyatsky publishing house, 1985.

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