VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016

June 6, 1944 Supreme Commander IV Stalin wrote to British Prime Minister Churchill: "The summer offensive of the Soviet troops, organized according to the agreement reached at the Tehran Conference, will begin in mid-June at one of the most important sectors of the front. The general offensive will develop steps by entering armies in offensive operations. At the end of June and during July the operations will turn into a general offensive of the Soviet troops ... ".

In terms of military strategy, the optimal portion of the front, which would be planned such an attack, is Ukraine. And the German leadership made it such an assumption, focusing on Ukraine, the most powerful army group. However, the Soviet command decided otherwise. In accordance with the plan, the Red Army offensive began in Belarus. Plan of Operation for the liberation of the Republic and a significant part of the Baltic states, has received the code name "Bagration" and showed a genuine example of military foresight and military art.

Skillfully use all the benefits of the forest and marshland, the Germans for two years the occupation of Belarus created a strong, in engineering terms, the line of defense, which had every reason to believe impregnable. It took Army Group "Center". In the summer and fall of 1941, the division of the army rushed to Moscow, and the summer of 1944, they covered the shortest route to Berlin. You can literally put it this way: the direct road to the gates of Nazi Germany began in the forests of Belarus.

June 23, 1944 the operation "Bagration" has begun. In advance troops crossed the Baltic 1, 2 and 3 Byelorussian fronts. The next day, the battle joined forces 1 Byelorussian Front. In the hundreds of acts of sabotage behind enemy lines held Belarusian partisans. The cost of the labor of tens of thousands of soldiers and local residents in the Belarusian marshes have been prepared for the passage of tanks causeway. Soviet combat vehicles passed where their enemy was waiting. Enemy defense turned the broken in several places. Already on June 26 storm were taken Vitebsk and Mogilev, June 27 - Orsha, June 29 - Bobruisk.

At dawn on July 3 tankers 4th Guards Tank Brigade under Colonel OA Losik, troops from the 3 Byelorussian Front General ID Chernyakhovsky, rushed to Minsk. The capital of Belarus, was released.

Soviet troops continued their rapid advance to the West. By August 29, 1944, they reached the Vistula and to the border of East Prussia. And only there, after 68 days of continuous offensive battles, he was ordered to move to defense.

1. "Operation Bagration"

The order of the Supreme Commander of the 1 May 1944 formulated the tasks of the Red Army in the summer and autumn. She had to complete the expulsion of the invaders from Soviet territory, to restore the state border of the USSR all over, withdraw from the war on the side of Germany's European allies and release from captivity fascist Poles, Czechs, Slovaks and other nations of Western Europe. To solve these problems during the summer-autumn campaign was planned to prepare and consistently carry out a series of strategic offensive operations over a huge area - from the Arctic to the Black Sea. Of paramount importance in the plans of the Supreme Command for the summer of 1944 it was given to the Belarusian operations.

By the summer of 1944 the front line in the Belarusian direction curved so that there was a huge overhang that is deeply wedged into the location of Soviet troops. This protrusion is an important strategic foothold Germans. Thanks to him, the German troops covered the approaches to East Prussia and Poland, remained stable position in the Baltics and western Ukraine. Command of the Wehrmacht into account the fact that the Belarusian network of railways and highways allows for maneuver forces and means in order to maintain the interaction between groups of armies "North", "Center" and "Northern Ukraine".

In addition, the projection from the north loomed over the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front and created a threat to flank attacks. In addition, the German air force was able to raid on Soviet communications and industrial centers, based on the ground in Belarus.

Therefore, the German command tried at all costs to keep the Belarusian ledge. It prepares him to the stubborn defense, in which the main role was assigned to Army Group "Center" headed by General-Field Marshal E. Bush.

At the junction of the northern army group "Center" of the German defense held connection of the 16th Army, part of Army Group "North" and in the south - the connection of the 4th Panzer Army from Army Group "Northern Ukraine". The main enemy forces were concentrated in the areas of Polotsk, Vitebsk, Orsha, Mogilev, Bobruisk and Kovel, where they covered the most convenient for the direction of attack.

The Byelorussian operation had to attend four troops frontov.1 Second Baltic Front, commanded by General Ivan Bagramyan X. began to attack from the area north-west of Vitebsk, 3rd Belorussian Front General ID Chernyakhovsky - south of Vitebsk on Borisov. At the direction of Mogilev acted 2nd Belorussian Front General GF Zakharov. Troops of the 1st Belorussian Front under the command of General KK Rokossovskogo were aimed at Bobruisk, Minsk.

Developed by Belarusian strategic offensive operation received the code name "Bagration" - in honor of outstanding Russian commander, the hero of the War of 1812, General of Infantry Pyotr Bagration.

By the nature of combat operations and maintenance tasks Belarusian operation is divided into two stages. At the 1st stage it was conducted Vitebsk, Orsha, Mogilev, Bobruisk and Polotsk frontline operations and completed the encirclement of the Minsk group of the enemy. For the duration of this stage took the period from 23 June to 4 July.

Military operations were as follows. June 23 offensive moved troops of the 1st Baltic, 2nd and 3rd Belorussian Fronts. The next day, the battle joined the troops of the 1st Byelorussian Front. The offensive was preceded by main force reconnaissance, conducted the morning of 22 June the 1st Baltic, 2nd and 3rd Byelorussian Front, and June 23 - at the 1st Belorussian Front.

The 1st Baltic Front, together with troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front had surrounded June 25 in the area west of Vitebsk and its five German divisions, and by June 27 to eliminate them. This day was liberated Orsha, June 28 - Lepel, and July 1 - Borisov. As a result of the 3rd Panzer Army was cut off from the 4th Army.

The 2nd Byelorussian Front after the breakthrough at pp. Pronya, Basia and Dnepr Mogilev June 28 released. The troops of the right edge of the 1st Byelorussian Front June 27 surrounded by more than 6 German divisions in the Bobruisk area and by 29 June to eliminate them. Simultaneously, the front's forces reached the line Svisloch - Osipovichi - Old Dorogi.3 July Minsk was liberated east which appeared surrounded the compound of the German 4th and 9th Armies (over 100 thousand. People). Somewhat earlier, June 28, the commander of Army Group "Center" Field Marshal E. Bush was dismissed. Instead, he was appointed Field Marshal W. Model. This fact did not affect the situation at the front. Soviet troops continued to advance rapidly.

July 4, the 1st Baltic Front freed Polotsk and continued offensive against Siauliai. For 12 days, the Soviet troops advanced 225-280 km at the average daily rate of up to 20-25 km, releasing most of Belarus.

German Army Group "Center" was defeated - its main forces were surrounded and destroyed. With the release of our troops on the line Polotsk - Lake.Naroch - Molodechno - west of Shults strategic front of the enemy in a gap of 400 km. Trying to close its German command was not successful.

At the 2nd stage of the Byelorussian operation, which lasted from July 5 to August 29, fronts, working closely together, have successfully carried out offensives 5: Siauliai, Vilnius, Kaunas, Belostokskaya and Lublin-Brest.

German divisions were surrounded in the area east of Minsk, tried to break through to the west and southwest. But during the fighting, most soldiers and officers were either captured or destroyed.

Troops fronts continued to smash the remnants of compounds Army Group "Center" and cause major damage to personnel and equipment of the enemy.

The German command intensively throws this section of the front part of the fresh from Germany, Norway, the Netherlands, Italy, and the group of armies "North", "South Ukraine" and "Northern Ukraine".

As a result, the Soviet troops were released all Belarus, as well as part of Lithuania and Latvia. Our troops entered the territory of Poland. We come close to the borders of East Prussia. German Army Group "North" was isolated in the Baltic States.

The success achieved in the course of the Belarusian operations rate used for decisive action on other napravleniyah.10-24 July launched an offensive troops of the Leningrad, 3rd and 2nd Baltic fronts, as well as the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front. Front strategic offensive stretched from the Baltic to the Carpathians. The Soviet forces, which operated as part of the 1st Army of the Polish Army, July 17-18 crossed the state border of the Soviet Union and Poland.

By August 29 the advancing troops reached the turn of Jelgava - Dobele - August - pp. Narev and Vistula. Further advance of the Soviet army was stopped by an opponent. The reasons for this - the overall fatigue of troops and a lack of ammunition. The Red Army in this sector of the front was forced to go on the defensive.

During 68 days of continuous Soviet offensive in the strip progressed 1,100 kilometers to the west at 550-600 km.

2. Complete liberation of Belarus from Nazi invaders

In 1944, the Red Army has held a number of offensive operations, which resulted in the state border of the USSR was restored all over from the Barents Sea to the Black Sea. The Germans were expelled from Romania and Bulgaria, and most regions of Poland and Hungary. The Red Army entered the territory of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.

Among these operations was also a defeat of Nazi troops on the territory of Belarus, went down in history codenamed "Bagration". This is one of the biggest offensives against the Red Army Army Group "Center" in the Great Patriotic War.

In the operation "Bagration" was attended by the army four fronts: the 1st Byelorussian Front (commanded KKRokossovsky), the 2nd Byelorussian Front (commanded Zakharov), the 3rd Belorussian Front (commanded Chernyakhovsky) 1st Baltic (Commander X. I. Bagramyan), force the Dnieper Flotilla. Front Length fighting reached 1,100 km, the depth of movement of troops - 560-600 km. The total number of troops to the beginning of the operation was 2.4 million.

"Operation Bagration" began the morning of June 23, 1944 after artillery and air preparation at Vitebsk, Orsha and Mogilev directions troops launched an offensive of the 1st Baltic, 3rd and 2nd Belorussian fronts. On the second day brought down on enemy positions hit the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front in the direction of Bobruisk. Actions fronts coordinated by the representative of the Supreme Command of the Soviet Union marshals Zhukov and Vasilevsky.

Severe blows to the communications and communication lines invaders inflicted Belarusian partisans. On the night of June 20, 1944 began the third stage of the "rail war". For this night, guerrillas blew up more than 40 thousand. Rails.

By late June 1944, Soviet troops surrounded and destroyed the Vitebsk and Bobruisk enemy group. In the district of Orsha it was eliminated grouping covering the Minsk direction. The defense of the enemy in the area between the Western Dvina and Pripyat was hacked. The first baptism of fire near the village of Lenino, Mogilev region took 1st Polish Division named after T. Kosciuszko. In the battles for the liberation of Belarus took part in the French pilots aviation regiment "Normandy - Neman".

July 1, 1944 was released Borisov, July 3, 1944 - Minsk. In the district of Minsk, Vitebsk and Bobruisk was surrounded and destroyed 30 Nazi divisions.

Soviet troops continued their offensive in the west. July 16th they released Grodno, and July 28, 1944 - Brest. Occupants were completely expelled from the Belarusian land. In honor of the Red Army - liberator of Belarus from Nazi invaders in the 21-kilometer highway Moscow Barrow of Glory. Four bayonet of the monument symbolize the four Soviet front, the soldiers who participated in the liberation of the country.

Conclusion

Operation Bagration war

"Belarus ... - Partisan Song, pine and fog ..." - are these words in one of the best songs on the Belarusian land. Unprecedented in scale guerrilla movement began in the forest edge. The soldiers were surrounded and will continue to fight the enemy in his rear, reconnaissance and sabotage units of the Red Army and, of course, the locals - Belarusian patriots (in units of whole families were leaving!) - This was part of the 150,000th Army guerrillas and underground, deprived the enemy of much of the territory they occupied Belarus. Whole areas of the country lived under the laws of the Soviet regime.General Staff planning operation "Bagration" intended to rely on the organized guerrilla forces.

The results of the operation "Bagration" impressive. Broken largest fascist grouping. The enemy lost more than 400 thousand soldiers and officers. The prisoner turned over 200 thousand German fighters. Totally exempt: Belarus, part of Poland and of the Baltic republics.

Literature

1. "Operation Bagration." M .: "Veche" 2011

2. AV Isaev. Two days in history. The 65th anniversary of operation "Bagration".

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