X Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2018

Studying lacunae and non-equivalent lexis is very important for inter-cultural communication.

It should be reminded that a lexical lacuna is traditionally defined as absence of a word in one language and its presence in the other. A non-equivalent word is a word, existing in one language and absent in the other one. Non-equivalent words and lacunae are revealed in pairs: if there is a lacuna in one language, the language being compared has a non-equivalent word and vice versa.

In our research, based on the English-Russian dictionary of non-equivalent lexis compiled by Sukhanova O.V., Sternina M.A., we made an attempt to look upon Russian-English verbal lacunae relating to the military sphere. This group is homogenous and may be thematically divided into subgroups.

Thus, the group of Russian-English verbal lacunae relating to the military sphere consists of 104 lacunae. The group can be described on the bases of the following features:

Verbs, characterizing the way aircraft are used

The subgroup is the largest one and comprises 12 lacunae. For example, перевозить, переправлять на вертолёте – compare chopper.

Verbs, characterizing success of combat operations

The subgroup has 11 lacunae: заставитьвсплытьподводнуюлодку – compare surface.

Verbs, characterizing use of weaponry

There are 9 lacunae in the subgroup. E.g.: обстреливать из орудий – compare cannonade.

Verbs, characterizing conscription

This subgroup has 8 lacunae. It can be illustrated by the example of the following lacuna: призыватьвармию – compare levy.

Verbs, characterizing professional activities in the military sphere

The subgroup consists of 6 lacunae. E.g.: работатьлётчиком-испытателем – compare test-pilot.

Verbs, characterizing commendation and penalty of personnel

There are 9 lacunae in the subgroup. E.g.: продвигать по службе – compare forward.

Verbs, characterizing work with orders

This subgroup has 4 lacunae. It can be illustrated by the example of the following lacuna: отменятьприказит.п. – compare call back.

Verbs, characterizing supply support

The subgroup also consists of 4 lacunae. For example, регулярно выдавать в ограниченном количестве – compare allowance.

Verbs, characterizing maneuver

Verbs, characterizing. E.g.: отходить, отступать тем же путём, каким пришёл – compare backtrack.

Verbs, characterizing activities of operational hardware

The group under consideration comprises 3 lacunae. It can be illustrated by the example of the following lacuna: резкотерятьвысоту – compare dip.

Verbs, characterizing training of personnel

There are 3 lacunae in this subgroup. For instance, обучатьускореннымметодом – compare accelerate.

Verbs, characterizing management of troops

The subgroup has 2 lacunae. For example, отводить, оттягиватьвойска – compare draw off.

Verbs, characterizing accommodation of troops

There are 2 lacunae in this subgroup as well, and it can be illustrated by the example of the following lacuna: расквартировывать, ставитьнапостойвойска – compare quartet.

It should be noted that there are lacunae that do not belong to any of the above-described groups. For instance, обеспечить проведение в жизнь каких-либо мероприятий с помощью вооружённых сил – compare police;самовольно уходить с поста и т.п. – compare abandon.

We believe that the description of the thematic group of Russian-English verbal lacunae made in the article will be useful for cadets studying English.

List of literature

1. Суханова О.В., Стернина М.А. Англо-русский словарь безэквивалентной лексики. Глагол. – Воронеж: Истоки, 2012. – 296 с.

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