X Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2018

One of the main industries, of course, can be called agricultural. In modern conditions, conditions of crisis, economic instability, agriculture should be a priority for a country that claims a dominant place in the world.

In agriculture, a huge number of machine and tractor mechanisms are used. Machines are used at all stages of production of agricultural products. During operation, a huge number of these devices wear out and become unusable. Therefore, this equipment needs timely maintenance and repair.

Parts of devices and machines are subject to replacement more often not due to breakdowns, but only because of the wear and tear of the thin surface layer. Therefore, the requirements for the surface layer and the base material details should be different. Different camshafts, shafts, wheels etc. wear out on the average on 0,3-0,8 mm. to 0.8 mm Worn out parts, up to 70% of the total volume of items to be restored.

Strengthening the surface of the parts, and accordingly increase their service life can save on the repair of these parts, devices, machines and components in which they are included. All this, in turn, reduces the cost of equipment. And in the end, the final price of the product. When restoring the surface of components modern methods must also take account of energy costs. That is, the priority should be resource - and energy-saving technologies. Actual task of modern repair production is implementation of practical measures for increase of reliability and durability of cars, the equipment and devices. Reliability and durability of parts are largely determined by the state of their surface layer. It is known that the vast majority of parts fail not as a result of breakages, but as a result of wear and tear only thin surface layer. Therefore, the requirements for the base material of the part and its surface layer must be different. Ensuring equal strength and durability of the restored parts is the most important task in the technical re-equipment of agricultural repair production. Its solution will reduce the range and volume of spare parts, significantly increase the life of machines after major repairs. This problem is especially relevant for parts of the shaft type with small wear values, which occupy a special place in the repair industry. Their recovery by known methods is limited to resource-intensive and energy-intensive.

One of the directions in the solution of this problem is development of new technological processes of drawing thin - layer high-strength coverings on the basis of metal powders, powders-alloys and refractory connections. Among the progressive methods of creating a surface layer with specified physico-chemical properties include the electric-spark alloying and hardening of details ferroborate in a magnetic field. These two methods have much in common in the physical nature of the phenomena occurring, but have a number of specific features that distinguish them from each other. They require little or no special preparation of the surface before hardening; equipment for their implementation are compact and easy to maintain; the surface layer has high strength of adhesion with the main material, has high strength and wear resistance.

The process of hardening of parts ferroborate in a magnetic field easily mechanisims and automatizied. Fabrication of the ferromagnetic powder of the desired chemical composition in most cases more cost effective than the manufacture of rigid electrodes for electric-spark alloying. Currently, there is considerable experience in the development and practical use of this method for hardening of parts of machines. The resulting coating with a small allowance for machining and high adhesion strength at low-temperature effects on the basis of its special prospects.

For the solution of this problem requires the optimization of basic parameters of the formation of high quality layers: consistency over time of the number of input electric power with the presentation of the material in the working area; the use of the method of rational alloying; creating conditions most favorable for the occurrence of the process of formation of the layer. The work aimed at the implementation of these principles in the development and research of technology of restoration of parts of agricultural machinery is relevant. Development of such technology gives the chance to offer some materials for scientific approach to the choice and justification of the basic parameters of reception of qualitative wear-resistant metal coverings by the electroimpulse method.

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