IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Many owners of private houses still believe that geothermal heating - a term almost science fiction, and it is relevant only for those regions where the seething hot springs and there is a high volcanic activity. And as natural phenomena - a rarity, the prospects for the use of this alternative energy in our environment look for a lot of fog. In fact, the geothermal pump successfully generates heat and at low temperatures, so that even in temperate climates, it can be used quite effectively.

Geothermal heating of the house, which has become a tradition in countries like Europe and America, we have so far considered the alternative.

Designing productive heating system in a country house so it is necessary to carry out a way to make it cost-effective, but at the same time easy-to-performance and technologically modern. Standard solutions in which heat is produced as a result of fuel combustion, are costly for the owner of the house, the cause of this is the constant increase in the cost of electricity and gas. In addition, the traditional ways of premises heating a negative impact on the environment, for example, about 40% of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere is formed by the production of heat, this level of negative impact on the environment in the digital indicator is combined with the negative impact caused to exhaust vehicles. As part of this question is pressing a new system of geothermal heating facilities.

The search for innovative solutions in the field of space heating began in the 70s. the last century, during the energy crisis. Initially, this technology was tested in the US, mostly in high-end areas. But thanks to advances in technology, the cost of production has gradually decreased, so this kind of home heating has now become available to the mass consumer. In addition, as shown by many years of experience in the use of geothermal heating systems - such a structure differs longevity and profitability, so the consumer demand for the installation of this type of systems has been steadily increasing.

The principle of geothermal heating

Geothermal heating - heating, in which a variety of natural sources of heat applied. The process of working geothermal heating system is comparable with the work of the usual well-known refrigeration unit. However, there is one significant difference. Familiar to us refrigerator conventional refrigerator recycles energy, cooling with air and ground source heat pump generates a high-grade thermal energy. It is able to operate even at extremely low temperatures.

Development of new technologies contributed to the fact that virtually every home owner now has the ability to accumulate the energy of the earth, establishing a geothermal heating system in the private sector. The soil accumulates to 98% of the solar energy that falls on the surface, so that even in winter in earthen reservoir retained enough heat to heat a residential building, only the installation of special equipment is required in order to take advantage of the accumulated solar energy. After installing a geothermal heating system, spent on the installation of the means to pay off an average of 5-8 years - it is the negative side of this technology. The cost of the project may cause doubts among those who planned the installation of low-cost system, but plans for a country house of the owner capital costs are not included.

The principle of geothermal equipment can be compared with the air conditioner or the work, or the freezer, but "on the contrary". The design is based on a heat pump, the size of which is approximately equal to the dimensions of the washing machine, pump included in the 2 circuits:

• interior;

• external.

The first of these is represented by the usual heating system for many of the connecting pipes and radiator elements. Exterior - the impressive size of the heat exchanger, which is under the ground or water column. Inside it can circulate as a special fluid with antifreeze or plain water.

In the second fluid circuit acquires the temperature of the surrounding space, and then the coolant gets into the heat pump, which can be set up and to cool the room, and its heating. Heat generated by the pump, for heating enters the first circuit in the second cooling.

Geothermal (heat) pump - a key element of the system. It is a compact unit takes up no more than the usual view our washing machine. If we talk about performance, then for every 1 kilowatt of electricity consumed, the pump "issues" to 4-5 kW of heat energy. While conventional air conditioning, which has a similar operating principle, 1 kW of electricity consumed, "answer" 1 kW of heat energy.

Carry out only the site owner forces the system difficult, as close to the building you need to design a structure consisting of a closed pipe system, which is placed at a considerable depth into the ground, which sometimes reaches more than a few hundred meters. Type heat exchanger design and dimensions of the collector depends on several parameters, among which the main warm-water and soil depth.

Heating differ from each other in the heat exchanger installation methods.

Vertical heat exchanger

The optimal arrangement is a vertical heat exchanger with a pump. To implement such a scheme requires special equipment and substantial financial investments to drill a well that is located under the ground at between 50 and 200 meters depth. In this case, the heat deep seated groundwater with high temperature. The water passes through the heat pump through a heat exchanger where it gives its heat, and then discharged back into the ground water downstream.

Advantages:

• compactness;

• for the installation of vertical heat exchanger is not necessary to use a large area;

• system life is up to one hundred years;

• profitable to install this type of geothermal heating in the case of installation on an already-furnished area;

• the landscape will remain virtually untouched.

Disadvantages:

• a higher installation cost as compared to other species;

• a long payback.

Horizontal heat exchanger

A simpler design in the horizontal heat exchanger circuit, in which are located underground pipe so that they are below the level of soil freezing in winter. The downside of this scheme is the need to operate under a large area collector. For example, a small house in an area of 200 sq.m. We need to occupy an area of 500 sq.m. Location pipes to do so, to the nearest tree has not less than 1.5 meters. This type is used quite often.

Advantages:

• a simpler scheme in the design.

Disadvantages:

• installation of a collector must use a large area;

• it is difficult to build such a system on an already-furnished area.

The heat exchanger placed in water

This scheme works by the energy bodies of water, i. e. is applicable if a country house is located no further than 100 meters from the reservoir. The contour of the pipes is laid in a spiral on the bottom, the depth should be smaller than 2.5-3 meters, that is deeper than the freezing zone. The area of the reservoir - from 200 m². Preferably, the flow in the reservoir was not, on its bottom lay horizontal probes that absorb heat. Such a scheme may make the owner of a country house on their own.

Advantages:

• it is quite cheap;

• for the project does not require excavation;

• the owner of a country house can implement it yourself.

Disadvantages:

• limiting the presence of the reservoir is not more than 100 meters from the house;

• you must obtain permission special services.

Assembling an external circuit comes from polyethylene pipes, according to preliminary calculations, the ratio of 40-50 watts of thermal energy should account for 1 meter of collector. Accordingly, if the pump output is 10 kW, the length of the well should be approximately 160-200 meters. In some cases more profitable to drill several shallow wells instead of one large, in order to finally obtain the desired projected depth. In order to keep the area landscape designers use cluster technology with which the drilling of wells in different directions from a single point.

Disadvantages of geothermal heating system pales in comparison with the current trends of the global rise in prices of fuels. Of course, a long payback period, but for a hundred years, the geothermal plant will show all its advantages and proves its efficiency in practice. This type of heating is already appreciated in many countries of Europe and America. For example in Sweden 70% of private homeowner chosen as it is a heating system.

References:

1. G. S. Aslanyan, V. M. Simonov, Yu. A. Tyurin, E. E. Shpilray, New sources and energy conversion methods. The experience of cooperation between the countries - members of the CMEA, SEV, Moscow, 1981.

2. R. B. Ahmedov, Technology use of alternative and renewable energy sources, VINITI, Moscow, 1987.

3. Alternative Energy Sources, Proceedings of the Soviet-Italian symposium 1982, Part 3: Use of geothermal energy, Publisher ENIN, Moscow, 1983.

4. Konechenkova, S. Ostapenko, Geothermal energy, Electropanorama, 2003.

5. Konechenkov, New EU energy directives, Electropanorama, 2008.

6. http://stroy-shkola.ru/

7. http://www.allremont59.ru/geotermalnaya-sistema-otopleniya-geotermalnoe-otoplenie-doma.htmlhttp://teplo.guru/eko/geotermalnoe-otoplenie-doma.html

8. http://aqua-rmnt.com/otoplenie/alt_otoplenie/geotermalnoe-otoplenie-doma-svoimi-rukami.html

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