IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Modern buildings require building heating device with the latest radiators and wiring. Administrative and commercial buildings of the 20th century stood out the low number of storeys and classical heating. Pipelines were laid according to traditional heating scheme multistory apartment houses of old construction. The pipeline is laid on the elevator unit in the basement and climb up the branches, through all the floors. As the heating devices in the system of heating of buildings used steel convectors is very cheap, or massive cast iron radiators. As a rule, aesthetically ugly equipment stitched decorative boxes, which establishes a ventilation grille for the circulation of heated air in the room.

A classic space heating method is considered convective heating. Convective heating (heaters, radiators, oil heaters) heated air space, so that heated air flow tends upward to the ceiling, leaving the bottom of the cold air. The result is the hottest part of the upper space, which is usually not the area of human activities. The rooms, equipped with convection heating systems heat the air space taken on a man's head at an average of 20C ° for floor-level air temperature was about 18C °.

Large retail space is almost impossible to effectively warm, applying classic (convective) heating method. Heating salesrooms done a long time, and to provide comfortable conditions for visitors and staff the shopping center, it is necessary to heat the entire volume of air in the room. This is caused by the low efficiency of conventional heating methods in large buildings, so that, in the heating of the room leaves a lot of time and energy.

To date, one of the most innovative and efficient methods of heating large industrial and industrial buildings is infrared heating.

Infrared heating - heating system, where infrared heaters are used as heat sources. Due to the peculiarities of infrared radiation can organize local heating, in which heat is applied only in those areas where it is needed, which is especially important in large shopping centers.

Infrared heating is one of the types of heating systems, it is based on the use of special infrared heaters as heat sources. Infrared heating can play a supporting role in the home heating system, and to be the main way to warm inside the room. This heating system can equally well be used for heating residential and commercial premises.

The infrared heater - heating device gives off heat to the environment by means of infrared radiation.

Infrared heating principle is as follows:

• Infrared heater transfers heat to all subjects that surround it: the walls, floor, interior subjects. They are heated and transfer the heat to the surrounding air.

• heater emits infrared heat is not absorbed by air, so all the heated surface of the heat obtained in full.

Since the thermal radiation from the infrared heater is almost absorbed and scattered by the air, to the people and objects comes all radiating heat. In turn, the objects are heated and transfer heat to the air space around it. For this reason, the infrared heating is called direct fired heating, convection and - indirect heating. Therein lies the difference between infrared heaters from other types of heating.

Infrared heaters allow you to warm up the room quickly, because the transfer of energy in contact with the surface of the instantaneous, so once it becomes more comfortable, does not require preheating of the working premises. This reduces heating costs by reducing non-working days in a given temperature overnight.

Radiation heat creates a sense of normal temperature, in fact, it is a few degrees lower, but the man is still comfortable. But only one degree of temperature saves up to 5% of the energy.

Heating with infrared radiation does not increase the dryness of the air, oxygen does not burn, noise, dust, virtually none. Design of infrared ceramic heaters - modern.

It is distinguished by ease of use and management. Additionally, excluded from the defrost system damage, possible that when using hot water heating.

The absence of moving parts in heaters, air filters does not entail constant care, replacement of parts, their lubrication, therefore permitted non-stop operation. The connection is performed on the ceiling, walls. If you want to heat another room, move to a new, the emitters can be easily removed.

Infrared heaters can be placed at a profit over the place where there are people, and provide them with the necessary conditions of comfort. After switching on and heating to nominal temperature radiators start to emit waves that are very low-loss pass through the air and fall to the floor, where light energy is converted into heat. This means that the air is heated a second time, from the floor, which thus becomes the warmest spot on the object. Local infrared radiant heating systems run on natural gas and LPG and electricity.

Innovative infrared gas heating system operate in automatic mode, without requiring the attention of the staff. After installing and setting up a periodic inspection of the equipment we can confine ourselves for 20 years.

As a result of the installation of infrared heaters in the building, repair and maintenance costs are reduced to 4-6% of the total cost of the radiant gas heating system, compared with 20-40% in alternative air heating systems with centralized wiring coolant (heating water or steam).

These systems make it possible to ensure:

Savings budget for heating by 20 to 60%; Direct heating system, not air, which creates significant energy savings, Infrared heating system is silent and does not create air movement; Convenient and easy to use service; Energy saving gas consumption to 30% compared with the classic space heating system; Convenient and easy to use service; The payback period of 1 to 2 heating seasons.

Despite the complexity of the installation of infrared heaters, this heating system has proved itself as a reliable method for even heat distribution and benefits compared to traditional heating methods.

Infrared heaters are available in both fixed and mobile performance. Selecting the unit for your needs depends on the characteristics of the premises and conditions of use. If the heater is scheduled to be moved from room to room, choose a low-power portable device. For permanent installation preference is given to the device, the most appropriate power and type of accommodation. Based on the last criterion, chosen from the wall, baseboard heaters and ceiling.

If we consider the features of infrared devices, preference should be given to it latest version. When placing the heater in the ceiling spread rays will not interfere with furniture and interior, which is very difficult at the floor accommodation. The only requirement - the ceiling height should be at least 2.5 m, or the instrument must be positioned away from the chairs, sofas, etc.

Infrared heaters baseboard performance have low power to the same radiation from such devices extends far worse. However, it is difficult to find the best variant of the installation of the device under the window. When choosing a floor heater should give preference to models working in the long-wave range of the spectrum. These requirements are fully compliant devices with carbon or tubular heaters.

Installation wall model heaters should be done at a distance from the floor, taking into account the location of the furniture. In addition, if a family has children, the unit is mounted on a height inaccessible to them.

Manufacturers are trying to build appliances in their functions, greatly enhancing the comfort and safety in their use. No exception, and infrared heaters. Among service equipment functions can be found:

-sensors to maintain a predetermined temperature;

-protection from overheating;

-protection from tipping over (for floor models);

-taymer with ample opportunities on and off the installation time;

-remote control.

Of course, for additional functions would have to pay. The only on what is not worth saving - security features. Let the instrument will not be controlled remotely or have automatic inclusion, but protection against tipping over in mobile devices should be mandatory.

References:

1. Deshmukh, Yeshvant V, Industrial Heating, Principles, Techniques, Materials, Applications, and Design, Philadelphia,2005.

2. Siegel, Robert and Howell, John R.Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, Philadelphia,2005.

3. Snider, Bradley, Home heating and the environment, in Canadian Social Trends, Ottawa,2006.

4. Donald R, Wulfinghoff Energy Efficiency ManualEnergy Institute Press, Brooklyn,1999.

5. Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne Beaty, Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Eleventh Edition,McGraw-Hill, New York, 1978.

6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_heater.

7. http://zagorodny.net/dom/infrakrasnoe-otoplenie.php.

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