IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

The beating heart of the Russia — Ryazan: Pacific province, whose life bears a close glimpse of the capital. But once Ryazan with his wealth and power argued with Moscow, and its princes, heroes, and beautiful, endowed with the great gift of the love of a woman, left a considerable trace in Russian history. Today Ryazan — skilled and brave warriors have earned fame first beauties of Russia. After passing through the green streets of Ryazan, it is easy to feel the flavor of bygone days.

"In a gold field standing Prince in the scarlet (red) cloak, fastened at the breast by a gold clasp in the green hat, dress, boots and silver pants, holding in right hand a silver sword, and her left silver scabbard with the same belt; hat and cloak trimmed with black sable. The coat of arms surmounted by the Cap of Monomakh".

Any big city must be have the hymn. And the residents of Ryazan can already boast two national anthems, official and unofficial, but no less famous.

The official hymn of Ryazan and the song "Oh, the Kremlin!". The author of the text — Nurislam Ibragimov, composer — Andrey Ilyin. For the first time the anthem was sung in honor of the 900th anniversary of Ryazan in 1995, the people's artist of the RSFSR Valentina Tolkunova.

The unofficial hymn of Ryazan — track "the Capital of airborne troops" performed by the group "Winged infantry". The author of the text — Alexander Filatov, composer — Alexander Tarakanov.

Tourist signs of the city is a stylized image of the three domes of the Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin, which are modified for specific actions and events.

First mention about Ryazan in the Chronicles in 1095. Ryazan was founded by the Chernihiv Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. The capital of the Ryazan Principality of Kievan Rus. In 1237 the city destroyed by the Mongol-Tartar army. In 1380 Ryazan warriors fight the army of Mamai on the Kulikovo field. In 1521 the city is part of the Moscow state. Became the center of Ryazan province in 1796.

In the mists of time goes the history of Ryazan. Under this name 1095 year in the annals of the present village of Old Ryazan, founded by Chernihiv Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich and the former capital of the Ryazan Principality. Stood close to the capital of the Oka on a high hill at the confluence of two rivers, Trubezh and Swans. The city's population was engaged in agriculture, hunting, fishing, and through the city and Ryazan land trade routes passed to the shores of the Sea of Azov, the Baltic and the Danube. The city was rich and populous.

"Fathers and grandfathers, our tribute to anyone from ancient times were not paid in slaves and none of them have been, but for honor and the Fatherland was dead. So we want his honor with a weapon or a death saves," said Batu Ryazan. Not waiting for aid, they joined battle. About the struggle of Ryazan, the Tatars remained a great literary monument of folk art.

The great Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, having heard this, gathered many soldiers and went against the enemy with an army great and terrible. And crossed eye, entered the land of Ryazan and met the Tatars at the river Voi, and stopped the two forces, and between them was the river.

After few days, the Tatars crossed to this side of the river and neglected his horses, and cried in their language, went at a trot and struck on our own. And our rushed on them: on the one hand Timothy courtier, and on the other hand, Prince Daniel Pronsky, and great hit in the forehead with the Tatars. The Tartars at once, threw their spears and ran to the river for the Drive, and we began to pursue them, hacking and stabbing, and a great many killed them: Hasiba, Caverta, Karabulak, Campfires, Begecka. And when the night has come and the sun went down and light faded, and night came on, and it became dark, it was impossible to chase them across the river. The next day, I stood in the morning a heavy fog. And the Tatar ran in the evening, and continued to run throughout the night. Prince, the great on this day, only in the pre-lunch time, went after them, chasing them, and they already ran away. And ran in a field abandoned their encampments and tents, and tower, and yurts, and shacks, and carts them, and in them countless of any kind, and in it abandoned, and themselves no one - everyone ran to the Horde.

The Great National War caused significant damage to the country; its consequences for a long time had a negative impact on the subsequent development. Huge losses among the male population affected the demographic situation of the subsequent decades. Of 558 thousand person of able-bodied population in the Ryazan village to 1945 remained 380 thousand people. Agriculture, which was then the backbone of the economy of the region during the war suffered huge losses. Only for the period of temporary occupation of some areas suffered damage estimated at 180 million rubles, including the destruction of over 3 thousand agricultural machinery and implements, were lost or destroyed more than 60 thousand heads of large and small cattle. Tractor fleet decreased by 30%, the number of horses by 40%.

In the early postwar years, the resources of the state used primarily for industry and defense. On agriculture was planned to send not more than 7% of the total appropriation. State aid the village is expressed mainly in the supply of equipment for MTS. With the help of machines were carried out by only sowing and harvesting. Everything else was done manually. Fertilizer was used mainly for growing crops. Acute was the shortage of competent and qualified personnel. To all these difficulties was added the natural disasters in 1946 the country was hit by severe drought resulting in crop failure and famine. Therefore, the onset of a really "peaceful life" with its inherent well-being and stability for the villagers, that is, for most Ryazantsev, for the time delayed.

In March 1946 the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted the law on the five-year plan for the rehabilitation and development of the national economy. The agricultural workers of the Ryazan region was tasked to ensure the growth of the acreage was 12.8% (i.e. to bring to 1483 thousand hectares), to restore the prewar level of production of crops and livestock and exceed it within 5 years by 27%.

After the drought of 1946 tries to overcome the crisis. In February 1947 Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) adopted a resolution "On measures of improving agriculture in the postwar period." The propaganda was saved military psychology and style. In the course of agricultural work 1947 used the slogan: "the cleaning came out - went into battle!" Acreage was expanded further over the plan on 171 thousand hectares in the Ryazan oblast passed the state plan over 50 thousand tons of grain.

Ryazan today

Convenient economic-geographical position of Ryazan, the proximity of Moscow, good transport links to the Urals, the Donbas, where, basically, there were metal, oil, coal, determined the industrial development of the city. Leading industries of the city are oil refining, instrumentation, power generation, construction materials, food products. High level personnel potential, the generated higher and secondary special educational institutions, contributes to the development of high-tech industries, including on the basis of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, which is developed and manufactured new high-tech and high-tech equipment.

Culture and art

Museums

Probably every ancient Russian city can be identified, looking only at the shape of the Central structures — the Kremlin. Ryazan is no exception...

The territory of the Ryazan Kremlin is still open for walks. Maybe not every Ryazan thought about the fact that in his hometown he has the ability to move freely through the historic center, while fun to freely walk around the Kremlin, almost everywhere in pay to take Moscow, Veliky Novgorod, Old Ladoga. Except that the neighbors Vladimir and Kolomna in the exceptions list. Of course, you can cynically speculate that the property and show it is possible only one only the Kremlin, but this question is on the one hand controversial, another conclusion is that for Ryazan Kremlin just does not hurt. And because to know his story, and in the case of surprise visitors entertaining excursion does not hurt anyone.

The Yesenin Museum

By the memorable date, the 70th anniversary of SA Esenin in the village of Konstantinovo in the parents' house of the poet was opened Memorial Museum, in the passage which was posted literary exhibition dedicated to the life and work of SA Esenin.

Today, the Yesenin Museum is one of the largest museum complexes in the country. The unique memorial buildings of the Museum gives visitors the opportunity to experience and compare the atmosphere of a peasant hut and the manor house, to learn about the companionship of the rural intelligentsia of the late XIX century, to plunge into the atmosphere of school life the young Sergei Yesenin, learn about the life of the poet, full of inspirational highs and desperate fall, love and farewells ...

It was here, on the blessed land of Constantine, and is "Esenin Rus", "country birch calico" - everything what you imagine when you read the poems of the poet.

Country Fair, literary evenings, a gala concert with the participation of folk artists and ensembles in Russia, festivals and educational interactive programs allow all who wish to participate in the games and amusements, to recall the ancient customs and rituals, learn a lot about the traditional folk festivals, the favorite poet.

The winner of the competition "Changing Museum in a Changing World" in 2011 - the project "Magic light game."

Ryazan state regional art Museum named after I. P. Pozhalostina

The collection of the art Museum in Ryazan was created in the early twentieth century enthusiasts – lovers of art through active exhibition activity. This is the uniqueness of the Ryazan Museum-oldest provincial museums in Russia that occurred usually on the basis of the already existing collections of works of art, donated to the city founders.

In 1918 the Museum. I. P. Pozhalostina became part of Provincial history Museum. In 1938 the art Department of local lore (former Provincial) Museum was reorganized in the Ryazan regional art Museum. In 1998 he returned to the name of I. P. Pozhalostina.

After numerous reorganizations of the Soviet time, the Museum has entered the twenty-first century under the name of "Ryazan state regional art Museum named after . I. P. Pozhalostina". The collection counts now more than 12 thousand original works of Russian and Western European masters XV - XX centuries, various types and genres of art.

References

1. Рязань. Памятники архитектуры и искусства. Составитель: Михайловский Е. - М.: "Советская Россия", 1985.

2. Рязанская область. Путеводитель - М.: "Авангард", 2007.

3. http://gorod.ryazan.ru/ryazan.html

4. http://ryazantourism.ru/guide/sights

5. http://www.museum-esenin.ru/

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