IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Belgium - almost one of the smallest states of the European continent, with an area 30,528 square meters. km. Belgian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion. Church and state are separate. Belgian State recognizes Catholicism, Protestantism, Christianity, Judaism and Islam as the official religion of the teaching takes place both in private and in public schools. If not confessional teaching unbelievers students study a course of secular morality.

In Belgium, the two predominant religions - Catholicism and Protestantism. Also live in the country adherents of Christianity, Anglicanism, Islam and Judaism. About 76% of Belgian Catholics, but go to church regularly, only 8%. The predominant denomination in Belgium is the Roman Catholic Church. In Belgium, there are 3946 parishes of the Roman Catholic Church. Then there is Protestantism, which is the largest Protestant organization in Belgium, "The Governing Council of the Protestant and evangelical religion." This organization created in 2002, the two largest associations of Protestant Churches in Belgium.

This council is an administrative framework for cooperation between the Joint United Protestant Church of Belgium and the Federal Synod of Protestant and evangelical churches. The main mission of the Council of Administration is the ratio of representation with the civil authorities.

The Jewish community in Belgium - one of the largest in Europe. The country has 45 synagogues, publish a newspaper, developed a system of Jewish education. Next on the number of believers is Islam with half a million Muslims, who make up 5% of the Belgian population. Islam is officially recognized by the state in 1974. The overwhelming majority - Sunni (95%), immigrants from Morocco and Turkey. The General Council of the Islamic Community and the Islamic Cultural Center, founded in 1963, represents the interests of the Belgian Muslim population. Judaism profess 40,000 Jews in Belgium there are 45 synagogues. Christianization of Belgium took place at the end of VII century. Belgian Christian church has about 10 thousand. Followers, the Belgian Evangelical Church -2 thousand. There are also Baptists, Anglicans, the followers of the Salvation Army and others. Orthodoxy in Belgium represent the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), Patriarchate of Constantinople.

There is a program of public funding cults. Every year, on the support of the major religions of the Belgian Government allocates 140 million euros. Of this money, 85.8% goes to support the Catholic cult, 2.5% - in the Protestant-evangelical cult, 2.1% - for the Islamic cult. The rest of the money is distributed evenly between the Orthodox, Anglican and Jewish faiths. In Belgium, there are recognized and unrecognized religious groups. Recognized religious organizations are: Protestant - United Protestant Church of Belgium, Belgian missionary Christian church, the Methodists, the Anglicans. Seventh Day; Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Serbian and Romanian Orthodox Church; Muslim organizations; Jewish communities.

All unrecognized state religious associations (with the exception of destructive and totalitarian sects) have a constitutional right to the free preaching, but do not receive the full state support. In addition to religious organizations, the State recognizes the existence of a non-religious philosophical associations, which include about 12% of the population. Eastern religions are small communities of Hindus and Buddhists. In 2004, the Buddhists began to cooperate with the government on the issue of official recognition.

On the religious situation in Belgium, of course, influenced by history, which has its origins in ancient times, and all religions have their origins from the time of conquest of Belgium by various nations. After Belgium won many times and each time, the Germanic tribes, the Roman conquerors, the French empire, the Spanish authorities have made in the religious sphere is something new. Even when Belgium did not yet exist as an independent state, it seethed with religious passion and abundance of all kinds of religions. This explains the abundance of languages, and in Belgium, which included French, German and even a lot of dialects, which came from different tribes.

Naturally, in Belgium, as in any other modern country, present in almost all religions, as well as a wide variety of nationalities. And, of course, it is dominated by the world's religions, although some of them are in the absolute minority. Every religion puts a certain imprint on the course of life in Belgium.

Tourists from Russia will be able to visit the two Orthodox churches in Brussels, is the Cathedral of St. Nicholas and the Memorial Church of Saint-suffering righteous Job, in the city of Liege can see the Church of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky and St. Seraphim of Sarov, in Perveyze Monastery of the Mother of God. The spacious church with a high tower of 122 m is stored only sculpture by Michelangelo, "Virgin and Child"

In Brussels, it will be interesting to see Catholic churches such as the Church of St. Teresa of Avila Church of St. Alice's, Church of St. Nicholas Cathedral and Brussels, as well as the Church of St. Bartholomew. Saint Bavo Cathedral - Cathedral of the Diocese of Ghent. Cathedral is world famous for its altar. The theme of the altar is the worship of the Lamb of Revelation, according to which the prophets, patriarchs, apostles, martyrs and saints are flocking to the altar on which the Lamb symbolizes Christ.

References:

1. http://idisomnoy.com/Belgium/

2. http://belgiya.net/kyltyra-i-iskysstvo-belgii/religiya.html

3. http://www.hyno.ru/tom1/266.html

4.http://www.archiepiskopia.be/index.php?content=article&category=library&id=2013-11-12-5&lang=ru

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