VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016
ДОМ ГОГОЛЯ В МОСКВЕ
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Nikolai Gogol often visited the Church of St. Nicholas on Arbat, because there was kept particularly revered in his family Akhtyrskaya icon of the Mother of God. According to legend, the writer's mother losing two children. It was in honor of the heavenly intercessor Nikolai Gogol got his name. And his surname is nothing more than a cufflink. According to legend, losing two children, the writer's mother begged her and the image of St. Nicholas Dikansky child. It was in honor of the heavenly intercessor Nikolai Gogol got his name. And his name is nothing more than a cufflink.
By the way, the history of dating the writer's parents, too, has its own legend. When Vasily Afanasievich slept, came to him the mother of God and revealed his future wife. After some time, he found the girl he had seen in his daughter's neighbors. And after 13 years the vision was repeated, and he asked the girl's hands.
Gogol Museum in Moscow is in the house Talyzina on Nikitsky Boulevard. In this house, February 21, 1852 Gogol died. Here, on the eve of his manuscripts burned.
This house was built D.S.Boltin. In 1816 lived here Major-General A.I.Talyzin, member of the conspiracy against Paul I (in Moscow there were two Talyzina home, and now both are museums). And in 1847, the apartment is removed to Alexander Petrovich Tolstoy, soon to redeem the entire estate. He invited Gogol, surrounding him with care and selecting the best rooms.
The writer was glad of the situation that has developed around it: he worked until lunch, and then hung friends. All the household chores done owners of the house.
That changed at the end of 1851: the writer became a hypochondriac, seen around the omen, was preparing for death. Especially much he was shocked by the death of a pregnant Kate Khomyakova. Then he locked himself in the house, isolated, fell ill and stopped eating. The owners moved it to another part of the house, relegating him to the very warm room.
A possible reason for the death of Gogol might have typhoid fever or exhaustion. But most likely, it was a mental illness. And all attempts to forcibly treat the writer only accelerated his departure.
February 9 Nikolay Gogol said to Tolstoy, that he was going to die and asked to convey his manuscript to Patriarch Filaret. Tolstoy pointedly did not take them. Then he reproached himself, because the writer burned his papers ten days before his death. It is believed that Gogol burned the second volume of "Dead Souls", but later the manuscript was found among his books.
The writer was a servant boy Simon. According to his seeds, the same night the writer prayed, then asked to make a fire and submit a portfolio with papers. At first he put some of the manuscript and then threw them all into the fire. Although Gogol later regretted his actions, he called these manuscripts dark and cold.
On February 20, a council was assembled. Despite the pleas of the writer, it is not left in peace. Finally, doctors have recognized that the disease is not naming. On the morning of February 21, he died. His last words: How sweet to die! Stairs, stairs come quickly! Writer buried in the cemetery across the Moscow Danilov Monastery. (later the tomb was moved to the Novodevichy Convent).
Soon family of Tolstoy left the Talyzin’s house. It is passed to the new owners. Discussions were about the need to arrange it in a library named after Gogol, but the building housed is communal. Library opened here in 1966. In 2005 the museum was opened Gogol. Two memorial room now is saved. Probably one of them died a writer.
At night the museum Gogol strange things happen: voices and footsteps, and sometimes the noise to move furniture. So, one night I heard the noise of assistant librarian in the reading room, but the door was locked from the inside. In the morning the noise stopped, and the hall was empty. Perhaps in the ballroom, dance has been arranged, but in the hereafter?
In fact, Nikolai Gogol never had his home in Moscow, and in Russia in general. As there was no museum of the great Russian writer N.V. Gogol until 2009. It is amazing but true! Yes, Gogol’s House Museum was opened only to the 200th anniversary of his birthday at Nikitsky Boulevard, 7a. In this house Gogol with friends lived the last four years of his life. It turns out, this house - in every of sense is the first House of Gogol in Moscow!
When N. Gogol arrived in Moscow, he usually stayed with friends. The first apartment, where he lived Gogol, was the home of SP Shevyrev - literary critic, poet, philosopher (Tar lane 4), then for a long time, Gogol lived with MP Pogodin in a house on Devichye Pole. But after Gogol published philosophical and religious works "Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends" relations between Gogol and Pogodin noticeably cooled. They did not talk for a long time with each other, exchanging a brief note.
So when he was invited by Count A.P. Tolstoy, Gogol relieved accepted. They met, apparently, in the thirties still in Odessa, where Count Tolstoy was a military governor. Over time, this acquaintance grew into a close friendship based on spiritual community. In the book "Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends" to Count Tolstoy turned seven letters-articles - more than anyone else.
In the house of Count Tolstoy were the most favorable conditions for creative work, has always been quiet. The writer was completely freed from all worldly troubles. A deeply religious couple led a secluded life, read a lot of spiritual literature were excluded any secular receptions. Gogol is adored.
At the same time, Gogol often went in the house №30 on Sivtsev Vrazhek from S.T. Aksakov, where he was always waiting for the enthusiastic welcome. His birthday in 1849, the writer said in the house Aksakov. (S.T. Aksakov - writer, government official and public figure, a literary and theater critic, memoirist.)
Now the house on Nikitsky Boulevard occupies the entire space of the museum. The main exhibition is located on the ground floor on the right side of the house is a room in which he lived Gogol. It is an entrance hall, living room and study. In these rooms are gathered authentic historical objects, furniture, prints, as well as the things that belonged to Gogol.
Nikolay Gogol did not have their own homes and property. All his property fits within the bag, with whom he traveled. This travel bag stands in the hallway.
In the study of Gogol workers include the installation with the sounds of city life, which Gogol could hear outside the window: the noise of approaching them carts, human voices. During the work before the eyes of Gogol was always a portrait Alexander Pushkin. They tied a personal and creative friendship. Alexander Pushkin gave Nikolay Gogol stories of two of his works - the play " Revizor" and the novel-poem "Dead Souls".
On the left side of the house in the living room of the first floor were organized author readings, "Revizor" for the actors of the Maly Theater. Now this room, "Revizor". Next is a room of memory wherein died N. Gogol. In this room, very warm, Gogol lived during his illness. This place keeps the death mask, which made by A.N. Ramazanov. His memories completely refute the version that Gogol was buried in a lethargic sleep.
Hall "incarnation" keeps a lot of information about Gogol and his creative work provided by modern means of multiple monitors. On the second floor of the mansion are scientific library and a music lounge. Here is a very often held literary readings, musical evenings and lectures. In the hall of the second floor, where now is a scientific library, Gogol often dined with the owners of the house, reading spiritual literature.
On the first floor there are two interesting exhibitions: "Gogol's days in Moscow. April 26, 1909" - an exhibition of newspapers, which is dedicated to the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Nikolay Gogol and the opening of a monument to writer - Sculpture by N. Andreev and exhibition "Pages of history of the house," which presented the plans, drawings and photographs of buildings with different owners. Finally, the House of Nikolay Gogol became a hospitable home. Even for single visitors rangers in all halls demonstrate the installation and carefully escorted through the museum. It is remarkable that in spite of the almost complete absence of private propertyNikolay Gogol in Moscow nevertheless had opened a museum devoted to Nikolay Gogol.